MAINS DAILY QUESTIONS & MODEL ANSWERS
Q1. Analyse the need for and difficulties in creating a global framework for the moral application of artificial intelligence (AI).
GS III – Science and Technology
Introduction:
- The creation of computer systems that are capable of carrying out activities that normally require human intelligence is known as artificial intelligence, or AI. Learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, interpreting natural language, and speech recognition are some of these tasks.
Required:
- The ubiquitous influence of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies, which frequently cross national borders, highlights the need for an international framework for the moral application of AI.
- Ethical issues like discriminatory practices, biassed algorithms, and privacy violations continue to exist in the lack of standardised rules, necessitating a worldwide response.
- For these problems to be effectively resolved, trust in AI applications to be fostered, and responsible and fair deployment to be ensured globally, a global framework is essential.
Problems:
- Creating a structure like this faces enormous obstacles. The search for universally embraced concepts is made more difficult by differing cultural, legal, and ethical viewpoints.
- Reaching an agreement between countries that have different interests is difficult and raises issues with national sovereignty and economic competitiveness.
- These problems are multifaceted, which emphasises how difficult it is to harmonise international approaches to AI ethics.
- It will need teamwork to overcome these obstacles, highlighting the necessity of common norms that strike a balance between ethical issues and technological advancement.
- In the end, handling the ethical challenges of AI globally requires a well-crafted global framework.
Way Forward:
- Given its extensive impact, a global framework for ethical AI is needed. Standardised ethical norms are difficult but necessary because of obstacles from many viewpoints and national interests. Notwithstanding obstacles, addressing ethical issues and encouraging cooperative, responsible AI development require an international framework.
Q2. Complex legal and ethical issues frequently come up during demolition operations. Analyze.
GS IV – Ethics related issues
Introduction:
- The practice of demolishing or removing buildings or other structures is known as demolition; these operations are frequently required for disaster recovery, urban development, or renovation. However, there are also intricate legal and moral considerations associated with demolition work that all parties—owners, contractors, employees, authorities, and the general public—need to think through and resolve.
Among the legal factors for demolition operations are:
- securing the required authorizations and permissions from the appropriate authorities—municipal corporations, environmental agencies, historic committees, etc.
- Following waste management laws and regulations, such as India’s Construction and Demolition Waste Management Rules, 2016 which require demolition waste to be collected, transported, recycled, and disposed of in an environmentally responsible manner.
- putting in place safeguards such risk assessments, personal protective equipment, site barriers, and other steps to ensure the safety and security of employees, residents, bystanders, and property.
- granting sufficient notice, payment, relocation, or rehabilitation, if necessary, to the owners, occupiers, and other stakeholders of the structures that are being demolished in order to respect their rights and interests.
- preventing any harm or disturbance to the environment, including historical sites, wildlife habitats, and water sources.
Among the moral issues surrounding demolition work are:
- preserving the buildings’ cultural and historical significance by conferring with specialists, locals, and organisations dedicated to protecting cultural assets, and by looking into non-demolition options including restoration, refurbishment, or adaptive reuse.
- minimising the negative social and economic effects of demolition, such as job loss, relocation, interruption of services, etc., by interacting with the impacted community, offering opportunities, information, and support, and making sure they are included in and give their consent for decisions to be made.
- encouraging the construction sector to be more sustainable and circular by using less natural resources, recycling and reusing demolition waste, and implementing cutting-edge, eco-friendly technology and procedures.
- respecting the values of justice, equity, and accountability by making sure that the demolition operations are transparent, compliant, and monitored and by handling any complaints, grievances, or disagreements that may come up.
The ethical aspects of demolition operations include worker safety, adhering to regulations, holding subcontractors accountable, and protecting the environment and the community. To prevent major losses and disruptions, urban growth must place a high priority on maintaining cultural identity, resident well-being, and ecological sustainability.
