Parvati–Arga Bird Sanctuary Declared Eco-Sensitive Zone: Significance for Wetland Conservation
In a significant step towards strengthening wetland conservation in northern India, the Parvati–Arga Bird Sanctuary in Uttar Pradesh has been declared an Eco-Sensitive Zone (ESZ). The decision adds an enhanced layer of legal and regulatory protection to one of the state’s ecologically valuable yet relatively lesser-known wetland ecosystems. The move reflects India’s broader commitment to biodiversity conservation while balancing developmental needs.
Government Notification and Objectives
The Eco-Sensitive Zone notification was issued by the Union Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC). The announcement was highlighted by the Minister of State for Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Kirti Vardhan Singh, through official communication channels.
The primary objective of declaring an ESZ around the Parvati–Arga Bird Sanctuary is to regulate human activities and development in its surrounding areas. Eco-Sensitive Zones act as buffer regions that minimise adverse impacts arising from urbanisation, industrial expansion, infrastructure projects, and pollution. At the same time, they promote sustainable development and responsible ecotourism, ensuring that conservation goals do not come at the cost of local livelihoods.
Ecological Significance of Parvati–Arga Bird Sanctuary
Located in the Gonda district of Uttar Pradesh, the Parvati–Arga Bird Sanctuary covers an area of 1,084 hectares. It represents a classic Indo-Gangetic floodplain wetland ecosystem, characterised by high ecological productivity and biodiversity.
The sanctuary comprises two permanent freshwater oxbow lakes—Parvati Lake and Arga Lake. These lakes were formed from abandoned river channels and are integral to the region’s hydrological system. The wetland plays a crucial role in:
- Groundwater recharge
- Flood moderation during monsoon seasons
- Carbon sequestration and climate resilience
- Supporting aquatic flora, fish species, and bird populations
Such wetlands are increasingly important in the context of climate change, as they enhance ecosystem stability and reduce disaster risks.
A Haven for Migratory and Threatened Bird Species
The Parvati–Arga Bird Sanctuary serves as a key wintering and stopover site for migratory birds travelling from Central Asia and the Tibetan region. Owing to its ecological importance, the sanctuary is a vital habitat for international migratory birds, granting it international recognition under the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands.
The wetland is particularly significant for the conservation of threatened vulture species, including:
- White-rumped vulture
- Indian vulture
- Endangered Egyptian vulture
These species rely on the sanctuary for nesting, roosting, and foraging. However, the ecosystem faces challenges such as the spread of invasive species like water hyacinth, which can disrupt aquatic habitats and reduce food availability for birds.
Role of Eco-Sensitive Zones in Conservation
Eco-Sensitive Zones function as transition areas between core protected wildlife habitats and human-dominated landscapes. In the case of the Parvati–Arga Bird Sanctuary, the ESZ is expected to:
- Regulate construction and land-use changes
- Restrict polluting and ecologically harmful industries
- Control unplanned tourism and infrastructure expansion
- Protect wetland hydrology and bird habitats
ESZs can extend up to 10 kilometres from the boundary of a protected area, depending on ecological sensitivity and local conditions. By ensuring controlled development, ESZs help maintain ecological integrity while allowing sustainable economic activities.
Importance for Exam Preparation
From an examination perspective, the declaration of the Parvati–Arga Bird Sanctuary as an Eco-Sensitive Zone is relevant for:
- UPSC GS Paper III (Environment, Biodiversity, Conservation)
- State PCS examinations
- Questions related to wetlands, Ramsar sites, ESZs, and biodiversity governance
Key Facts at a Glance
- Eco-Sensitive Zones are notified by the MoEFCC
- Parvati–Arga Bird Sanctuary is located in Gonda district, Uttar Pradesh
- It is a Ramsar Site of international importance
- ESZs act as buffer zones and may extend up to 10 km from protected areas
Conclusion
The declaration of the Parvati–Arga Bird Sanctuary as an Eco-Sensitive Zone marks a crucial step in safeguarding India’s wetland ecosystems. By strengthening regulatory oversight and promoting sustainable practices, the move is expected to enhance biodiversity conservation while supporting balanced regional development. For aspirants, this development highlights the increasing importance of policy-based conservation tools in India’s environmental governance framework.
