Water Conservation in India
How to stop water pollution:
- As part of the National Water Quality Monitoring Programme, the Central Pollution Control Board and the states have been keeping an eye on the water quality of rivers and other bodies of water across the nation.
- River sanitization and restoration are ongoing tasks. To prevent and control pollution in water bodies, coastal waters, or on land, states and local governments must ensure that sewage and industrial effluents are treated in compliance with the necessary requirements before being discharged.
utilising and recycling water
- For cooling and fire fighting, industry would prefer to use water of lower quality, such as recycled waste water.
- After being used for bathing and washing dishes in cities, water can next be used for gardening.
- However, barely 30% of India’s wastewater is recycled, despite the possibility.
Management of watersheds:
- Surface and groundwater resource management and conservation are highlighted.
- In order to manage runoff and replenish groundwater, a variety of techniques, including the use of recharge wells, percolation tanks, etc., are used.
- The central government-backed Haryali watershed development project intends to make it possible for the rural population to save water for drinking, irrigation, fisheries, and afforestation. The work is being carried out by Gram Panchayats with the help of the common populace.
Agriculture:
- The effectiveness of water use will rise with the use of sprinkler and drip irrigation systems.
- Using dryland agriculture methods in areas with little rainfall may be beneficial.
Rainwater Collection:
- It is a technique for storing rainwater for a variety of uses. It is also used to replenish subsurface water reserves.
- Rainwater collection increases the amount of water that is readily available while stabilising groundwater levels, enhancing water quality by lowering nitrate and fluoride contaminants, reducing soil erosion and flooding, and, if used to replenish aquifers, minimising salt water intrusion in coastal areas.
- Rainwater is frequently gathered in surface storage facilities like lakes, ponds, irrigation tanks, etc. in rural areas.
- Rainwater collection is quite helpful when there is a water shortage in urban areas due to population growth and other problems.
Additional measures:
- Desalination of water, especially in coastal regions and brackish water in dry and semi-arid areas, may benefit from the movement of water through linked rivers from water surplus to water deficiency areas.
