The Prayas ePathshala

Exams आसान है !

Q1. Why does caste identity exist in India yet is also dynamic?

GS I – Indian Society

Introduction:

In India, the caste system serves as a foundation for affirmative action initiatives as well as a system of social stratification and restriction. Because of social, economic, and historical factors, it displays both dynamic and static components.

Qualities of the caste system in India:

Caste is Innate: The Indian caste system is typified by utter inflexibility and immobility. One’s status in life is determined by their caste.
Social Structure: Superiority and inferiority relationships hold the caste system, which is a hierarchy or subordination system, together in society.

Amorphous nature of caste identity:

Inter-caste Marriages: Inter-caste marriages have increased in frequency in the past few decades, especially in cities.
movement and Urbanisation: Caste identities have been eclipsed by more diverse and multicultural surroundings brought about by movement to and from cities.
Employment and education: Policies such as the Right to Education (RTE) and affirmative action have guaranteed a higher standard of education, as demonstrated by individuals such as President Ram Nath Kovind, who became the nation’s highest ranking official despite being a member of the Scheduled caste.

Aspect of caste identity that is fixed:

Historical Origins: The concept of caste identity in India has thousands of years of history and is still deeply ingrained in the public consciousness.
Customary jobs: In certain rural communities, people still work in caste-related, hereditary jobs.
Caste Association: Caste-based organisations continue to function as pressure groups.
Because of this, caste in India is a complicated system of moving and fixed parts. Along with legislative and constitutional initiatives, a variety of social awareness programmes should be implemented to break down caste boundaries.

Q2. Discuss the effects of the post-liberal economy on communalism and ethnic identity.

GS III – Economy related issues

Introduction:

In the context of globalisation, the idea of an Indian post-liberal economy—defined by economic liberalisation and reforms that started in the early 1990s—has given rise to a complex and multidimensional phenomenon, especially in relation to its impact on ethnic identity and communalism.

Effect on Ethnic Identity:

Advantages:

Economic Empowerment: People from different ethnic backgrounds have been able to better their socioeconomic level due to increased access to economic possibilities.
Cultural share: As trade, tourism, and connection have risen, the post-liberal economy has made it easier for people to share cultures, which has improved intercultural understanding.
Entrepreneurship and Regional Identity: As a result of economic liberalisation, regions with distinct ethnic identities are now able to market their own goods and customs.

Drawbacks:

Economic Disparities: The growth of the economy has not been consistent among ethnic groups, resulting in differences in income and the possible marginalisation of some populations.
Cultural homogenization: Traditional ethnic identities and practices may be undermined by the liberalisation that leads to the spread of global consumer culture.
Regional Disparities: When economic liberalisation occurs, some regions may see a concentration of wealth and prosperity, leaving other regions at a disadvantage.

Effect on the Community:

Advantages:

Urbanisation and Migration: Encourage social cohesion and lessen communalism’s sway.
Education and Awareness: Having greater access to knowledge and education can help create a society that is more enlightened and accepting, which reduces interpersonal conflicts.

Drawbacks:

Media and technology: Have the potential to deepen social tensions and spread polarising views.
Rural-Urban Divide: Economic liberalisation may cause rural communities to feel left behind, which may exacerbate communal feelings.
Consumption: The materialistic ideals linked to consumerism have the potential to eclipse social and cultural values, weakening societal cohesion.
Thus, the post-liberal economy has brought about a period of development and wealth for the nation, but it has also caused new divisions due to its impact on ethnic identity and communalism. It must be addressed in accordance with the preamble’s emphasis on the concept of brotherhood.