The Prayas ePathshala

Exams आसान है !

Q1. What is Production Linked Incentive Scheme? Also, enumerate its objectives and challenges. (250 Words)

Paper & Topic: GS II à Government Policies and Interventions

Model Answer:

About:

Increased import substitution, employment creation, and indigenous manufacturing capability were all goals of the PLI programme.
The budget for 2022–2023 included an additional allocation of Rs. 19,500 crore for PLI for solar PV modules in addition to the Rs. 1.97 lakh crore already given by the government under the PLI programmes for various businesses.

The March 2020 launch of the initiative initially concentrated on three industries:

Rewards provided by the plan:

The incentives, which are based on the rise in sales, can be as low as 1% for electronics and technology products and as high as 20% for the development of particular medication intermediaries and significant key starting medications.
In other companies, such those producing sophisticated chemical cell batteries, textiles, and drones, the incentive to be paid will be based on sales, performance, and local value addition over a five-year period.

For the following industries, the PLI Scheme has been made available:

PLI programmes have been developed by the government for 14 businesses so far, including companies that are involved in drones, advanced chemical cell batteries, solar panels, white goods, telecom, electronics and IT hardware, metals and mining, communications, medicines, and solar modules.

Objectives:

The government established this scheme to reduce India’s reliance on China and other foreign countries.
It fosters labor-intensive companies and works to increase India’s employment rate.
This strategy tries to enhance indigenous production while reducing import costs.
The PLI Yojana, on the other hand, invites foreign companies to open offices in India while simultaneously encouraging indigenous companies to expand the size of their production facilities.

What challenges does the PLI Scheme encounter?

No common set of parameters exists:

A single set of measurements could not be used to comprehend the value addition by companies that have received or are anticipated to earn incentives under the PLI scheme.
Currently, it is impossible to compare two distinct PLI schemes because various ministries each track the value addition of their respective programmes.
The number of jobs generated, the rise in exports, and the improvement in quality cannot all be tracked in one centralised database.

Targeting Businesses for Too Steep Incentives:

Ministries and departments that work with companies in their sector have particular challenges.
For instance, the requirement for businesses to be eligible for incentives may occasionally be too high.

Domestic companies rely on one or two supply chains:

Only three to four of the fourteen companies that had been approved were able to achieve the incremental sales requirements up until the previous fiscal year in order to be eligible for the PLI scheme.
Contrary to international enterprises, the majority of domestic companies relied on one or two supply chains that have been badly affected. These companies will not be qualified for the incentive due to no fault of their own.

Q2. What do you understand by Coriolis Force and how does it affect the Monsoons? Explain. (250 Words)

Paper & Topic: GS I à Geography

Model Answer:

Definition of the Coriolis effect:

The Coriolis force is created as the earth rotates about its axis. In the northern and southern hemispheres, respectively, this results in a wind deflection to the right and left. This article’s discussion of the Coriolis force, a variable that affects wind movement, will be helpful to you while you study geography for the UPSC Civil Service exam.

The following are characteristics of the coriolis effect:

The Coriolis effect is the apparent deflection of straight-moving objects in reference to the surface of the earth (such as airplanes, wind, missiles, sniper gunshots, and ocean currents).
It is also necessary to consider the “apparent” aspect of the Coriolis effect’s definition.
This indicates that a supposed slow rotation of something in the air underneath the earth is possible (such as an airplane).
The same object appears to veer off course when viewed from the earth’s surface.
The object appears to be drifting off course even though it is actually rotating beneath the earth’s surface.

Coriolis force relation with wind flow:

The Coriolis effect, also known as the Coriolis force, is a byproduct of the earth’s rotation.
The Coriolis force is the name given to this force.
It has a considerable impact on the wind’s direction.
The rotation of the earth causes winds to be directed away from their original path rather than crossing the isobars at right angles as the pressure gradient force dictates.
Winds in the northern hemisphere are redirected to the right of their course, whereas those in the southern hemisphere are redirected to the left, according to Farrell’s Law (the law that wind is deflected to the right in the Northern Hemisphere and to the left in the Southern Hemisphere, derived from the application of the Coriolis effect to air masses).
This deflection force is created by moving the air, and it grows with wind speed, air mass, and latitude.
The Coriolis force and the pressure gradient force are antagonistic (the pressure gradient force is perpendicular to an isobar).
Because these two forces are orthogonal to one another, the wind blows in low-pressure locations.

Role of Coriolis Force in Monsoons:

The Coriolis force, an imaginary force, has only one source: the rotation of the Earth. The rotational motion of tropical cyclones is also caused by this force. These monsoon winds are consequently redirected eastward and are currently flowing from south to north.