MAINS QUESTIONS DAILY QUESTIONS & MODEL ANSWERS
Q1. What are the causes of the rise of Naxalism and what are some of the government initiatives in this regard?
Paper & Topic: GS III Internal Security of India
Model Answer:
What is Naxalism:
- “Naxalism” is the term used by some people and organizations to describe the violent acts that tribal people and landless labourers do against landlords and other people. After Naxalbari gained notoriety for the left-wing rebellion that occurred in West Bengal in the late 1960s, the Naxalite movement gained popularity. It is now seen as the biggest danger to law and order in India. More than 150 districts are thought to be directly impacted by the movement, which has now moved to the hilly and forested regions of eight different states.
Reasons for growth of Naxalism:
- tribal resentment: The Forest (Conservation) Act of 1980 prohibits tribal members from even harvesting a bark, despite the fact that their livelihoods depend on forest products.
- The massive displacement of the indigenous population caused by mining activities, construction projects, and other events in the naxalized states.
- Anyone without a reliable source of support is a prime candidate for maoist naxalite recruitment.
- These individuals receive money, weapons, and ammo from maoists.
- Deficits in the nation’s socioeconomic structure: Instead of focusing on the progress accomplished in the naxal-affected areas, the government evaluates its performance based on the number of violent attacks.
- weak technical intelligence: When it comes to combating naxalism, there is a lack of technological intelligence. Infrastructure problems, such as the fact that some areas are still only partially connected to communication networks, make it difficult to take action against naxalites.
Governmental methods for preventing naxalism:
- Security personnel were heavily deployed in the naxal-affected areas as part of Operation Green Hunt, which began in 2010. In 2010, there were 223 districts plagued by naxalism; today, there are just 90.
- Program for Aspirational Districts: The government has established a comprehensive approach to combat left-wing extremism that emphasises security, growth, securing the rights and entitlements of local populations, enhancing governance, and managing public perception.
- The Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) has launched Operation “SAMADHAN” to address the Naxal problem. Smart Leadership, Aggressive Strategy, Motivation and Training, Actionable Intelligence, Dashboard-based KPIs and KRAs, Leveraging Technology, Action Plans for Each Theatre, and No Access to Money are the acronyms for SAMADHAN.
- The MHA has proposed technological solutions including trackers for firearms and smart guns with biometrics.
- Gelatin sticks and explosives each have distinctive markings (UIDs).
- Each unit of the Central Armed Police Forces (CAPF) stationed in the Maoist hotbed operates at least one UAV or Mini UAV.
Moving ahead:
- To counter naxalism, the central government must carry out a comprehensive national strategy.
- A resolution can result from discussions between Naxal leaders and government representatives.
- The administration needs to start having direct conversations with the Naxalites.
- Employment: Increasing employment and pay is crucial. People had no choice but to join the Naxals due to the erratic work and housing conditions in the area.
- Services for rehabilitation and relocation: Because there are mining operations, irrigation systems, businesses, etc. in the area without any planning for the return of displaced residents, the situation for the poor has only gotten worse. The rehabilitation of the impacted population needs to be given more thought.
Conclusion:
- The LWE problem can be efficiently solved by adopting a comprehensive approach and placing a focus on security and development-related measures.
- The Maoists should be put under additional pressure to give up violence, assimilate, and acknowledge that the socio-economic, political, and aspirations of 21st-century India differ dramatically from the Maoist worldview. This pressure should come from civil society and the media.
Q2. Discuss about the recent proposal of introducing Hindi language in MBBS Education. What are some of its benefits and challenges posed by the same?
Paper & Topic: GS II Social Sectors
Model Answer:
Context:
- On October 16, as part of the Madhya Pradesh government’s initiatives to provide medical education in that language, the Union Home Minister issued the MBBS textbooks in Hindi.
- As a result of the three courses in medical biochemistry, anatomy, and physiology’s texts being produced there, the state of Bhopal became the first in India to provide an MBBS programme in Hindi.
- Additionally, the Union Minister stated initiatives being taken to provide technical and non-technical education in 8 additional languages.
What advantages exist?
- The challenges rural students encounter in accessing medical education due to their poor English language skills is one of the main justifications in favour of this initiative.
- It is well known that teaching students in their native tongue helps their learning.
- Additionally, supporters have cited nations like China, Russia, Ukraine, Japan, and Norway as examples, where both technical and non-technical courses are only taught in their respective national tongues.
What flaws are there?
- It should be mentioned that 52 out of the 170 institutions whose graduates are eligible to take the USMLE, the admission exam for practising medicine in the USA, offer the course in both English and Chinese in response to the arguments that use Chinese universities as an example.
- Hindi should not be compared to German or Chinese given the diversity of Indian languages. Medical protocol and research are completely self-sufficient for the Chinese healthcare system. German-language primary sources are widely available in Germany. In India, the situation is different.
- The medical profession is worried that this change may have the same unfavourable outcomes as the change from the NEET test pattern to NEXT.
How do we approach it?
- The needs of the people should be considered rather than a political ideology when considering whether to undertake such a substantial change as changing the medium of education in a field as dynamic as medicine.
- Because some mistakes could cause problems in the medical community as well as other higher education areas, translation requires a great deal of attention and sensitivity.
- There is a need to establish a dependable system for translating the different books, research papers, and journals that are frequently produced by the international medical community before opting to phase out English.
Conclusion:
- To discuss language as a means of communication in the Indian medical industry is yet too soon. Solutions are needed for even more pressing problems such a shortage of essential resources, excellent faculty, and infrastructure.
