MAINS DAILY QUESTIONS & MODEL ANSWERS
Q1. Discuss the strategic importance of the recent discovery of lithium reserves in the Reasi district of Jammu and Kashmir for India’s clean energy transition. What are the potential challenges India might face in exploiting these reserves, and how can they be addressed?
GS III – Infrastructure related issues
Introduction:
- The discovery of significant lithium reserves in the Reasi district of Jammu and Kashmir marks a pivotal moment for India’s clean energy ambitions. Lithium, often referred to as “white gold,” is a crucial component in the manufacturing of batteries for electric vehicles (EVs) and renewable energy storage systems.
Strategic Importance:
- Reducing Import Dependency:India is currently reliant on lithium imports, primarily from countries like Australia, Chile, and Argentina. Domestic reserves can reduce this dependency and enhance energy security.
- Boost to EV Industry:With India’s push towards electric mobility under schemes like FAME II, indigenous lithium production can lower costs and promote the adoption of EVs.
- Strengthening Renewable Energy Goals:Lithium is vital for energy storage solutions that support solar and wind energy integration into the grid. Domestic reserves can accelerate progress towards India’s renewable energy targets.
Challenges:
- Environmental Concerns:Lithium mining can have significant environmental impacts, including water pollution, habitat destruction, and high water usage. Managing these concerns in ecologically sensitive regions like Jammu and Kashmir is crucial.
- Technological Infrastructure:India currently lacks the advanced technology required for efficient and sustainable lithium extraction and processing. Developing this infrastructure is essential.
- Geopolitical and Security Risks:The location of the reserves in a region with complex geopolitical dynamics may pose security challenges and affect mining operations.
Solutions:
- Sustainable Mining Practices:Implementing stringent environmental regulations and adopting sustainable mining technologies can mitigate ecological damage.
- Investment in Technology and R&D:Collaboration with global leaders in lithium technology and investing in domestic R&D can build the necessary infrastructure for lithium extraction and processing.
- Strategic Planning and Security Measures:The government must ensure robust security protocols and develop a comprehensive strategy to navigate the geopolitical sensitivities of the region.
Conclusion:
- The discovery of lithium reserves in Jammu and Kashmir presents a unique opportunity for India to advance its clean energy goals. However, addressing the associated environmental, technological, and geopolitical challenges will be critical in realizing the full potential of this strategic resource.
Q2. Discuss the significance of the National Suicide Prevention Strategy (NSPS) launched by the Government of India in 2022. What are the key objectives of this strategy, and how does it address the mental health crisis in India?
GS II – Government Policies and Interventions
Introduction:
- The National Suicide Prevention Strategy (NSPS) was launched in November 2022 as India’s first national framework to prevent suicides. Given that India accounts for a significant portion of the global suicide burden, this strategy marks a crucial step toward addressing the mental health crisis in the country.
Key Objectives of the NSPS:
- Reduction of Suicide Mortality:The NSPS aims to reduce suicide mortality by 10% by 2030. This target is aligned with the global objectives set by the World Health Organization (WHO).
- Strengthening Mental Health Services:One of the key goals is to establish psychiatric outpatient departments in all districts within five years, enhancing access to mental health services.
- Capacity Building:The strategy focuses on training healthcare workers, educators, and law enforcement personnel to identify and manage individuals at risk of suicide.
- Promoting Mental Health Awareness:The NSPS seeks to integrate mental well-being curricula into educational institutions to create a supportive environment for mental health.
- Restricting Access to Means of Suicide:Measures include the regulation of the availability of common means of suicide, such as pesticides and firearms.
Addressing the Mental Health Crisis:
- Comprehensive Approach:The NSPS takes a holistic approach by involving multiple stakeholders, including healthcare providers, educators, law enforcement, and communities, to create a robust support system for individuals at risk.
- Focus on Vulnerable Populations:Special attention is given to high-risk groups, including adolescents, farmers, and individuals suffering from mental illnesses or chronic conditions.
- Integration with Existing Programs:The strategy is designed to work in synergy with existing mental health programs like the National Mental Health Programme (NMHP) and Ayushman Bharat.
- Use of Technology:Leveraging digital platforms, the NSPS includes provisions for telemedicine and online mental health resources to reach underserved populations.
Conclusion:
- The National Suicide Prevention Strategy represents a significant milestone in India’s efforts to address the mental health crisis. By focusing on a comprehensive and multi-sectoral approach, the strategy aims to reduce the incidence of suicide and promote mental well-being across the nation. Effective implementation and sustained commitment from all stakeholders will be crucial in achieving the objectives of the NSPS.
