28 July 2022

28 July 2022 – Daily Mains Answer Writing & Model Answer

Q1. What are the Constitutional Provisions related to Education? (250 Words)

Paper & Topic: GS I àPolity

Model Answer:

• Within ten years of the Constitution’s commencement, everyone must receive a free, compulsory education up to the age of 14 in accordance with Directive Principles of State Policy Article 45. Because it was never put into effect, Article 21A was added in its place by the 86th Constitutional Amendment Act of 2002. Basic education was elevated from a guiding principle to a fundamental right as a result.
• Children under the age of six are now covered by the Article 45 early childhood care and education regulations.

Right to Free and Compulsory Education Act of 2009:

• In order to implement Article 21A, the parliament passed the Right to Education Act.
• This Act provided Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan with the legitimacy it need to become operational (SSA).
• Within a certain time frame, the government programme known as SSA seeks to universalize elementary education. It was put to use in 2000 or 2001.

Provisions:

• All Indian children between the ages of six and fourteen have a right to free and required education. When the government uses the word “compulsory,” it signifies that admission, attendance, and completion are all requirements as well as that all Indian children must receive free basic education.
• Unadmitted children must be permitted to enrol in age-appropriate classes.
• The Act mandates that public schools be governed by School Management Committees and provide all students with free education (SMCs).
• At least 25% of the children enrolled in private schools must receive free education.
• For the socially and economically disadvantaged groups, such as the SC and STs, the Socially Backward Class, and the differently-abled, this Act mandates a 25% reserve.
• The PTRs, facilities, infrastructure, school days, teaching hours, teacher certificates, and teacher training are just a few of the conditions that this Act specifies.
• Due to the wise teacher deployment, there is no disparity in the populations of the urban and rural areas.
• With the exception of responsibilities like the yearly census, elections, and disaster aid, it prohibits using instructors for purposes other than instruction.
• Physical and verbal abuse, student admission screening procedures, capitation fees, teacher-provided private instruction, and the operation of unrecognised schools are all illegal.
• According to this Act, the Centre and state governments should share financial and other duties.
• It aims to free the child from fear, trauma, and anxiety through a system of kid-friendly and kid-centered learning.
• The Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education (Amendment) Act, 2019, eliminated the “No Detention Policy” clause.

Q2. How Education has grown in India from Vedic Period to Post Independence Period? Throw light on it. (250 Words)

Paper & Topic: GS I àPolity

Model Answer:

• The Gurukula educational system was previously used in India.
• In this system, the teacher would teach students at his home on a range of subjects, such as Sanskrit, the Bible, mathematics, metaphysics, etc.
• The pupil stays at the teacher’s house for as long as he wants or until the guru deems he has finished all of his material, whichever comes first.
• Unlike modern education, which places a strong emphasis on memorization, education in the Gurukula was deeply rooted in nature and everyday life.
• In the 1830s, Lord Thomas Babington Macaulay brought the modern educational system and the English language to India.
• Science, math, and other “modern” subjects made up the majority of the curriculum, while metaphysics and philosophy were viewed as unnecessary extras.
• The connection to nature was disrupted by the close relationship between the teacher and students as well as by the limitation of instruction inside classrooms.
• The Uttar Pradesh Board of High School and Intermediate Education was the first board to be established in India.
• Later, more boards were established in several states.
• This kind of educational system underwent modifications following the dissolution of the British Empire.

How has the educational system in India changed since it gained independence?

The Indian educational system has the following levels of education:

• Age range for pre-primary level: 5–6 years
• 6 to 14 years old is the main (elementary) level age range. Article 21A of the Indian Constitution provides protection for it. The Sarva Shikha Abhiyan works to increase everyone’s access to primary education.
• Secondary school age range: 14 to 18. The SSA programme was extended to secondary school by the government under the Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan.
• In India, the three levels of higher education are commonly MPhil/Ph.D., PG, and UG. A centrally supported programme called Rashtriya Uchhattar Shiksha Abhiyan (RUSA) provides strategic funding to universities all over the country.