Q1. Consider the following statements:
- 2021 to 2030 has been declared as the UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration for improving environmental conditions and enhancing human communities.
- India has joined the Bonn Challenge with a pledge to restore its entire degraded and deforested land by 2030.
Which of the above statements is/are incorrect?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
Ans: (b)
Explanation:
- Despite various international conventions and national policies in place to improve green cover, there is a decline in global forest cover. This is the prime reason for forest restoration activities including tree planting to become increasingly popular and declaring 2021-2030 as the UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration for improving environmental conditions and enhancing human communities.
- India joined the Bonn Challenge with a pledge to restore 21 MHA of degraded and deforested land which was later revised to 26 MHA to be restored by 2030. The first-ever country progress report under the Bonn Challenge submitted by India by bringing 9.8 million hectares since 2011 under restoration is an achievement.
Q2. Consider the following statements regarding Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (CMS):
- It is also known as the Washington Convention.
- It was signed under the auspices of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN).
- It is the only global convention focused on the conservation of migratory species, their habitats and their migration routes.
How many of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) Only one
(b) Only two
(c) All three
(d) None
Ans: (a)
Explanation:
- S1: The Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals, also known as the Convention on Migratory Species (CMS) or the Bonn Convention, is an international agreement that aims to conserve migratory species throughout their ranges.
- S2: The Agreement was signed under the auspices of the United Nations Environment Programme and is concerned with conservation of wildlife and habitats on a global scale.
- S3: The CMS is the only global, and United Nations-based, intergovernmental organization established exclusively for the conservation and management of terrestrial, aquatic and avian migratory species.
Q3. Which of the following best describes/ describes the aim of the ‘Green India Mission’ of the Government of India?
- Incorporating environmental benefits and costs into the Union and State Budgets thereby implementing the `green accounting’
- Launching the second green revolution to enhance agricultural output so as to ensure food security to one and all in the future
- Restoring and enhancing forest cover and responding to climate change by a combination of adaptation and mitigation measures
Select the correct answer using the code given below.
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
Ans: (c)
Explanation:
- The mission intends to increase forest/tree cover; improve/enhance eco-system services and to increase forest based livelihood income of about 3 million households. So, rest other statements (other than 3) are thus wrong.
Q4. Consider the following statements about Botanical Survey of India:
- It was formed in 1851 by the East India Company.
- It is located in Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
- India’s plant diversity is being surveyed, studied, used, and conserved by this organization.
How many of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) Only one
(b) Only two
(c) All three
(d) None
Ans: (b)
Explanation:
- The Botanical Survey of India (est. 1890; under MoEFCC; HQ: Kolkata) is a premier organization in Indiaresponsible for undertaking scientific research and documentation of the country’s plant diversity.
Q5. Which of the following statements about heat and temperature is correct?
(a) Heat and temperature are the same thing.
(b) Temperature is a measure of the total thermal energy in an object.
(c) Heat is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a substance.
(d) Temperature is a measure of the amount of heat in an object.
Ans: (c)
Explanation:
- The correct statement is C. Heat is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a substance.
- Heat is the energy transferred from a hotter object to a colder object. It is measured in joules (J). Temperature is a measure of how hot or cold an object is relative to another object. It is measured in degrees Celsius (°C), degrees Fahrenheit (°F), or Kelvin (K).
- The average kinetic energy of the particles in a substance is directly proportional to the temperature of the substance. So, a substance with a higher temperature will have particles with a higher average kinetic energy.
- Therefore, statement C is the most accurate statement about heat and temperature.
- Statement A is incorrect because heat and temperature are not the same thing. Heat is a form of energy, while temperature is a measure of that energy.
- Statement B is incorrect because temperature is not a measure of the total thermal energy in an object. The total thermal energy in an object is equal to the heat content of the object plus the internal energy of the object.
- Statement D is incorrect because temperature is not a measure of the amount of heat in an object. The amount of heat in an object is equal to the product of the temperature of the object and the heat capacity of the object.
