21 December 2022

1.Take into account the following statements about Binturong:

1. It is an arboreal mammal also referred to as a bearcat.
2. The IUCN Red List has classified it as Vulnerable.
3. They are originally from Southeast and South Asia.

Which of the aforementioned statements is true?

1. 1 only
2. 1 and 2 only
3. 2 and 3 only
4. 1, 2, and 3

D – Explanation

• The statements are all true.
• The civet family’s (Viverridae) cat-like omnivore known as the binturong, or Arctictis binturong, is located in South and Southeast Asia’s deep forests. It is also known as the bear cat or cat bear.
• Its range stretches eastward to Borneo and southerly to the Indonesian islands of Sumatra and Java from Nepal, India, and Bhutan.
• It possesses a large, bushy tail that is prehensile, tufted ears, and long, shaggy hair. The colour is typically black with a few pale hairs scattered throughout.
• According to the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, binturongs are a vulnerable species.
• Although the species has a wide geographic range, binturong populations have been dropping since the 1980s.
• Ecologists have observed that while oil palm plantations have replaced many lowland habitats in Indonesia and Malaysia, habitat loss combined with hunting pressure is to blame for population declines in the northern regions of these species’ geographic range.

2. Take into account the following statements about a satellite gateway:

1. It is a ground station that transmits data to and from the satellite to the local area network; it is also known as a teleport or hub.
2. It contains the technology and antennas needed to transform radio frequency (RF) signals for terrestrial connectivity into Internet protocol (IP) signals.

Which of the aforementioned statements is/are false?

1. 1 only
2. 2 only
3. Both 1 and 2
4. Neither 1 nor 2

C – Explanation

• Both of the statements are true.
• A satellite gateway is a ground station that transfers data to and from the satellite to the local area network (it is also known as a teleport or hub).
• It contains the technology and antennas needed to transform radio frequency (RF) signals for terrestrial connectivity into Internet protocol (IP) signals.
• Today, suggestions on the “Licensing Framework for Establishing and Operating Satellite Earth Station Gateway (SESG)” were made public by the Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI).
• Only businesses that are registered in India under the Companies Act of 2013 are eligible to apply for a SESG Licence.

4. Take into account the following statements about the International Film Festival of India (IFFI) 2022:

1. It is run jointly by the Maharashtra government, the Directorate of Film Festivals, and the Union Ministry of Information and Broadcasting.
2. Since its inception in 1952, it has been conducted yearly in Mumbai.

Which of the aforementioned statements is true?

1. 1 only
2. 2 only
3. Both 1 and 2
4. Neither 1 nor 2

D – Explanation

• Both of the statements are untrue.
• It is India’s largest state-sponsored international film festival.
• The Directorate of Film Festivals, the Government of Goa, and the Union Ministry of Information and Broadcasting jointly organise it.
• It has been hosted yearly in Goa since its inception in 1952.
• It aspires to offer a single platform for movie theatres around the world to showcase the best in filmmaking.
• Additionally, it aims to foster understanding and appreciation of various cinema cultures in the context of their social and cultural philosophies and to advance global goodwill and cooperation.

5. Take into account the following statements about the National Informatics Center (NIC):

1. It is a division of the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology of the Indian government.
2. It was founded in 1976 with the intention of giving Central and State Governments technology-driven solutions.

Which of the aforementioned statements is true?

1. 1 only
2. 2 only
3. Both 1 and 2
4. Neither 1 nor 2

C – Explanation

• Both of the statements are true.
• The Ministry of Electronics and Information Technological (MeitY), which houses the National Informatics Centre (NIC), is the government of India’s technology partner.
• With the intention of offering Central and State Governments technology-driven solutions, NIC was founded in 1976.
• As part of its mandate:
• Design and develop IT systems for the government as a technology partner.
• Explore and offer guidance on the usage of emerging technologies while providing ICT infrastructure to the government.
• The National Informatics Centre (NIC) was founded by Narasimaiah Seshagiri in 1976 under the auspices of the Indian Electronics Commission. It eventually transferred to the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology.

6. Which of the following statements about ransomwares is untrue?

1. It is a sort of spyware that demands a ransom from the victim before it will release data or deny access to a computer system.
2. The term “cryptoviral extortion” was first used to describe it by Moti Yung and Adam Young of Columbia University.
3. With the rise of cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin, ransomware attacks saw a sharp rise in popularity.
4. WannaCry is an example of Ransomware.

A – Explanation

• Malicious software (malware) known as ransomware threatens to publish or prevent access to data or a computer system, typically by encrypting it, unless the victim pays the attacker a ransom price.
• The ransom demand frequently includes a deadline. If the victim doesn’t make a timely payment, the data is permanently lost or the ransom price rises.
• The first known instance of ransomware dates back to 1989, when the “AIDS virus” was used to demand money from victims. A decryption key was also given back to the user when payment for that attack was sent by mail to Panama.
• The term “cryptoviral extortion,” coined in 1996 by Moti Yung and Adam Young from Columbia University, was used to describe ransomware. This academic concept demonstrated the development, power, and invention of contemporary cryptographic instruments.
• With the rise of cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin, ransomware attacks saw a sharp rise in popularity. Cryptocurrency is a type of digital money that controls the creation of new units and employs encryption techniques to safeguard and verify transactions. The use of Ethereum, Litecoin, and Ripple are a few additional prominent cryptocurrencies that attackers encourage victims to use in addition to Bitcoin.
• AIDS Trojan, WannaCry, CryptoLocker, Petya, and Bad Rabbit are a few examples of ransomware.

7. Take into account the following statements about Jaguar:

1. The largest cat predator in the world is the jaguar.
2. They live in savannas and grasslands in addition to the tropical rainforests where they are frequently found.
3. According to the International Union for Conservation of Nature, jaguars are considered to be Near Threatened.

Which of the aforementioned statements is true?

1. 1 and 2 only
2. 2 and 3 only
3. 1 and 3 only
4. 1, 2 and 3

B – Explanation

• The first statement is untrue.
• After tigers and lions, jaguars are the third largest cat in the world.
• They resemble leopards, which are found in Africa.
• The second statement is true.
• Jaguars once covered a large area, ranging from central Argentina to the southwest of the United States.
• They have lost more than half of their territory since the 1880s.
• Though they still survive in smaller numbers throughout Central America, their major stronghold now is the Amazon Basin.
• They live in savannas and grasslands in addition to the tropical rainforests where they are frequently found.
• The third statement is true.
• According to the International Union for Conservation of Nature, jaguars are considered to be Near Threatened.
• Nearly every country where the species is found has national restrictions in place, and CITES prohibits the trade in its parts.
• The purpose of International Jaguar Day is to increase public awareness of the serious conservation efforts necessary to ensure the survival of the jaguar and the growing challenges it faces.
• International Jaguar Day, which is celebrated every year on November 29, honours the Americas’ largest wild cat as an emblem of sustainable development and a species that serves as a catch-all for the preservation of biodiversity throughout Central and South America.

9. Take into account the statements related to CCUS (Carbon capture, utilisation, and storage):

1. It alludes to a group of technologies that can contribute in different ways to achieving the world’s energy and climate goals.
2. It entails the extraction of CO2 from sizable point sources, like industrial sites or power plants that burn either fossil fuels or biomass for fuel.
3. It is essential to achieving the Paris Agreement’s goals of a worldwide net-zero economy.

Which of the aforementioned statements is true?

1. 1 and 2 only
2. 2 and 3 only
3. 1 and 3 only
4. 1, 2 and 3

D – Explanation

• The statements are all true.
• In order to achieve the world’s energy and climate goals, a group of technologies known as carbon capture, utilisation, and storage (CCUS) may be used.
• CCUS entails the CO2 capture from significant point sources, such as industrial facilities or power plants that burn either fossil fuels or biomass as fuel.
• Another option is to take CO2 straight out of the air.
• If not used immediately, the captured CO2 is compressed and shipped, transported by rail, truck, or pipeline for use in a variety of applications. It may also be injected into deep geological formations, such as saline aquifers or depleted oil and gas reservoirs, where it can be trapped and stored permanently.
• When the CO2 comes from bio-based processes or straight from the atmosphere, CCUS technologies also lay the groundwork for carbon removal or “negative emissions.”
• About 35 commercial facilities use CCUS for power generation, fuel transformation, and industrial operations.
• While maintaining the carbon neutrality of the production processes (CO2 emissions = CO2 capture), capturing CO2 aids in reducing the intensity of industrial operations’ carbon emissions.
• It is essential to achieving the Paris Agreement’s goals of a worldwide net-zero economy.

10. Take into account the following statements about Blyth’s tragopan:

1. It looks like a giant pheasant and has a short tail.
2. According to the IUCN Red List, it is a species that is endangered.
3. It can be found in deep highland evergreen woods.

Which of the aforementioned statements is true?

1. 1 and 2 only
2. 2 and 3 only
3. 1 and 3 only
4. 1, 2 and 3

C – Explanation

• The first statement is true.
• It looks like a giant pheasant and has a short tail. Males have a bright red breast and rear of the head, a white band at the base of the tail, a grey upperpart with white spots, and a yellow face.
• Female is predominantly brown with a diffuse pale eye-ring and consistent pale spotting.
• The second statement is untrue.
• The Blyth’s tragopan, sometimes known as the grey-bellied tragopan, is an endangered species of pheasant.
• The third statement is true.
• occurs in deep highland forests with evergreen trees, where it feeds on underbrush.
• Blyth’s tragopan can be found in a variety of places, including China, Bhutan, north Myanmar, south-eastern Tibet, and north-eastern India.