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Exams आसान है !

29 May 2023

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Q. Semi-automated offside technology, which has been featured in recent news, is primarily employed in:

  1. a) Chess
  2. b) Cricket
  3. c) Tennis
  4. d) football

Solution c)

  • This World Cup, “semi-automated offside technology” has been implemented by FIFA.
  • The latest system, as described by FIFA, “uses 12 dedicated tracking cameras positioned underneath the stadium roof to follow the ball and up to 29 data points of each individual player, 50 times per second, estimating their exact position on the pitch. The 29 data points gathered cover all limbs and extremities important for determining offside.

Q. Take into account the following statements on monkeypox:

  1. Like smallpox, monkeypox is a rare viral infection.
  2. Monkeypox is a zoonotic illness, which means that it spreads from diseased animals to people.
  3. Transmission from person to person is restricted.

Which of the aforementioned statements is true?

  1. a) 1, 3
  2. b) 1, 2
  3. c) 2, 3
  4. d) 1, 2, 3

Solution: d

  • A uncommon viral virus called monkey pox resembles smallpox.
  • The variola virus, which causes smallpox, and the vaccinia virus, which was used in the smallpox vaccine, are also members of the genus orthopoxvirus, which also includes the virus that causes monkeypox. The symptoms of monkeypox are less severe than those of smallpox.
  • A zoonosis, or illness that spreads from sick animals to people, is monkeypox.
  • Transmission from person to person is scarce. According to the WHO, transmission can happen when people come into touch with bodily fluids, sores on the skin or internal mucosal surfaces, including the mouth or throat, respiratory droplets, or contaminated objects.

Q. Take into account the following statements:

  1. Men who have sex with men (MSM) are predominantly affected by the monkeypox, which has recently expanded particularly in Europe and the United States.
  2. The disease’s virus was first identified in confined monkeys, hence the term “monkeypox.”
  3. Under the International Classification of Diseases (ICD), the World Health Organisation (WHO) is in charge of giving names to both new and existing diseases.

Which of the aforementioned statements is true?

  1. a) 1, 2
  2. b) 1, 3
  3. c) 2, 3
  4. d) 1, 2, 3

Solution: d

  • The first significant monkeypox outbreak outside of Africa, which started early this summer, has infected roughly 80,000 people. The World Health Organisation (WHO) declared that it would begin using the word “mpox” for monkeypox. The disease spread mostly among men who have sex with men (MSM) throughout the Americas, including the United States and Europe.
  • The disease known as monkeypox, which was given that name in 1970 because the virus that causes it was initially identified in 1958 in caged monkeys, has little to do with them. Rodents are the virus’s most likely reservoir since they can leap to humans through zoonosis in the wild, where it has been circulating for some years in a few nations in central Africa.
  • The WHO stated that it is the responsibility of the international organisation under the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) and the WHO Family of International Health Related Classifications to give names to new and, in some cases, existing diseases through a consultative process that includes WHO Member States. The process was sped up in the case of monkeypox.
  • The WHO recommends that “new disease names be given with the aim to minimise unnecessary negative impact of names on trade, travel, tourism, or animal welfare, and avoid offending any cultural, social, national, regional, professional, or ethnic groups” (WHO best practises).

Q. Take into account the following statements about Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs):

  1. They are infections that are widespread in underprivileged areas in developing Asia and Africa.
  2. A range of pathogens, including bacteria, viruses, protozoa, and parasitic worms, are responsible for their development.
  3. Notable Neglected Tropical Diseases include HIV/AIDS, malaria, and tuberculosis.

Which of the aforementioned statements is true?

  1. 1 only
  2. 1 and 2 only
  3. 1 and 3 only
  4. 1, 2 and 3

Solution: b

  • Some examples include snakebite envenomation, scabies, yaws, trachoma, Leishmaniasis, and Chagas disease.

Q. Take into account the following statements about stiff person syndrome:

  1. The neurological autoimmune disorder stiff person syndrome is uncommon.
  2. It has an impact on the central nervous system and may result in painless muscular spasms as well as generalised body rigidity.
  3. Since stiff person syndrome has no known treatment, the focus of care is on symptom and pain management.

Which of the aforementioned statements is true?

  1. a) 1, 2
  2. b) 1, 3
  3. c) 2, 3
  4. d) 1, 2, 3

Solution: d

  • A uncommon autoimmune neurological disorder known as “stiff person syndrome” can make a person rigid all over their body and produce excruciating muscular spasms.
  • The immune system is involved, yet the precise origin of the illness is unknown. It is challenging to diagnose the syndrome.
  • Stiffness in the torso and belly is a common first sign of stiff person syndrome, which can later progress to the legs, arms, and face.
  • Doctors concentrate on symptom and pain treatment because there is no known cure for stiff person syndrome.

The stiff person syndrome is a risk for whom?

  • Anyone can develop the illness at any age, although persons between the ages of 30 and 60 are more likely to do so, and it has been linked to extremely stressful situations. It affects more women than males, like many other immunological disorders.

Q. Take into account the following statements on the presence of lead in human body:

  1. Over time, lead builds up in the bones and teeth, where it is stored.
  2. Lead has been deemed one of the substances of greatest public health concern by the WHO.
  3. Because they may absorb lead more readily than adults, young children are especially susceptible to lead contamination.
  4. The United Nations created the Global Alliance to Eliminate Lead Paint as a voluntary alliance.

Which of the aforementioned statements is true?

  1. a) 1, 2, 3
  2. b) 1, 3
  3. c) 2, 3, 4
  4. d) 1, 2, 3, 4

Solution: d

About Lead:

  • The brain, liver, kidney, and bones all receive lead in the body. It is kept in the bones and teeth, where it builds up over time.
  • During pregnancy, lead in bone is released into the blood and provides a source of exposure for the growing foetus.
  • The Global Alliance to Eliminate Lead Paint was established by the United Nations Environment Programme and WHO after lead was named one of 10 substances of serious public health concern.

Q. Take into account the following statements about microwaves:

  1. In the electromagnetic spectrum, they are located halfway between radio waves and infrared radiation.
  2. Materials made of glass and plastic reflect microwaves.
  3. Water absorbs certain frequencies of microwaves.

Which of the aforementioned statements is true?

  1. 1 only
  2. 1 and 2 only
  3. 1 and 3 only
  4. 1, 2 and 3

Solution c)

  • Microwaves are classified as electromagnetic radiations having wavelengths between 1 mm and about 30 cm and frequencies between 300 MHz and 300 GHz.
  • In the electromagnetic spectrum, they are located halfway between radio waves and infrared radiation.

Characteristics of microwaves:

  • In addition to reflecting microwaves, metal surfaces also absorb some microwave frequencies.
  • Wave effects including diffraction, refraction, interference, and reflection have an impact on microwave transmission.
  • Glass and plastic are both transparent to microwaves.

Q. Take into account the following statements about High Altitude Pseudo Satellite (HAPS):

  1. High-altitude autonomous propulsion systems, or HAPS, fly in the stratosphere.
  2. The technology known as Beyond Line of Sight (BLOS) enables remote control of these satellites from any location.
  3. They’re meant to take the place of traditional unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs).

Which of the aforementioned statements is true?

  1. 1 only
  2. 1 and 2 only
  3. 1 and 3 only
  4. 1, 2 and 3

Solution: b

  • HAPS are cutting-edge unmanned aircraft systems that continually fly at a height of 70,000 feet for two to three months in order to keep watch over the ground below. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and traditional satellites are intended to be connected via the solar-powered system.
  • HAPS are less expensive to launch and more efficient. Through the use of technology called Beyond Line of Sight (BLOS), these satellites can be managed from any location.

Q. A crime lab can create a profile that can be used to identify a suspect by examining specific DNA sequences. In this situation, which of the following sources can be used to harvest DNA?

  1. Hair
  2. Bone
  3. Urine
  4. Blood

Choose the right answer code:

  1. a) 1, 2, 3
  2. b) 1, 4
  3. c) 1, 2, 4
  4. d) 1, 2, 3, 4

Solution: d

  • Except for identical twins, each person has a distinct genetic makeup. A crime lab can create a profile to be used in identifying a suspect by studying specific DNA sequences, or loci.
  • Numerous materials, including hair, bone, teeth, saliva, and blood, can be used to extract DNA. Since DNA is present in the majority of human body cells, even a tiny sample of biological fluid or tissue can provide important data.
  • Even used clothing, linen, combs, and other commonly used objects can be utilised to collect samples.

Q. Take into account the following statements about inactivated vaccines:

  1. To make these vaccines, a pathogen is inactivated, usually with heat or chemicals.
  2. They help prevent the spread of rabies and polio.
  3. When compared to live vaccinations, they offer robust immunity.

Which of the aforementioned statements is true?

  1. 1 only
  2. 1 and 2 only
  3. 1 and 3 only
  4. 1, 2 and 3

Solution: b

  • The disease-causing bacterium is killed and used in inactivated vaccinations.
  • These vaccines are made by rendering a pathogen inactive, usually using heat or chemicals like formaldehyde or formalin.
  • This eliminates the pathogen’s capacity for replication while leaving it “intact” enough for the immune system to still be able to detect it. (Viral vaccines of this kind are typically referred to as “inactivated” rather than “killed” as viruses are typically not thought of as being alive.)
  • They typically don’t offer as strong of an immunity (protection) as live vaccinations. Therefore, a number of doses (booster shots) throughout time may be necessary to maintain your immunity against illnesses.
  • They are used to prevent Hepatitis A, the flu (only by shot), polio, and rabies.

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