The Prayas ePathshala

Exams आसान है !

02 November 2024

DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS ANALYSIS

1 – About the Kudremukh National Park: GS III – Environmental Conservation related issues

Key information:

In the Karnataka state’s Western Ghats is where you’ll find the Kudremukh National Park.
It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and one of the 38 ‘hottest hotspots’ of biological diversity in the world.
The name Kudremukh refers to both a mountain range and a single mountain peak that are situated in the Karnataka state of India’s Chikmagaluru district.
The name Kuduremukha, which literally translates to “horse-faced” in Kannada, alludes to a specific lovely vista of a mountain side that resembles a horse’s face.
The second-largest Wildlife Protected Area in the Western Ghats is the Kudremukha National Park, which is a tropical wet evergreen kind of forest.
It is stated that three significant rivers—the Tunga, the Bhadra, and the Nethravathi—have their beginnings here.
In 1987, Kudremukha was designated as a national park.

Source – The Hindu

2 – Details of the AMBER Project: GS II – Government Policies and Interventions

Key information:

The project was launched as part of the SANKALP programme with a focus on women in order to increase gender diversity in the IT sector and among disadvantaged populations.

Sankalp programme details:

The Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship (MSDE) introduced it in 2018.
In its full form, SANKALP stands for Skills Acquisition and Knowledge Awareness for Livelihood Promotion.
The National Skill Development Mission’s (NSDM) overarching goals are aligned with this project, which is funded in part by a World Bank loan.
The project’s primary goal is to enhance outcomes by overhauling India’s whole skilling ecosystem, which includes both federal and state-level organisations.
By using decentralisation as a method, observing skilling activities, and encouraging convergence, SANKALP seeks to enhance short-term skill development planning and implementation.

Concerning the Amber project:

With 30,000 young people as its target audience, 50% of those trainees will be female.
Over the course of two years, the training will be provided in post-COVID resilient occupational roles.
The AMBER skill development strategy is scalable and long-lasting, supporting inclusive growth and development to guarantee improved results and institutional improvement in India.

Combined Funding:

This is a distinctive public-private collaboration since it uses a blended financing strategy that includes investment from both the public and private sectors.

Outcome-Based Methodology:

The project’s overarching goal is to achieve better results in employment placement and retention.
AMBER utilises an outcomes-based strategy in which the stakeholders are compensated for results as a result of the project design.

Source – The Hindu

3 About Nikah halala and Muta: GS I – Social issues

Regarding Nikah halala:

According to the nikah halala legislation, a woman must wed and have sex with another man before she can wed her first spouse again.

Two words make up a nikah halala:

nikah denotes union and
Making something halal or lawful is the definition of halala.
Some Muslims follow a custom whereby a woman who has been divorced by her husband through triple talaq must follow a specific process in order to remarry the same person from whom she was previously divorced.
In some cases, a husband who regrets triple talaqing his wife will give her to another man for marriage on the condition that he will divorce her the following day. This is done in the hopes of reconciling the couple.

Validity under the Constitution:

It is argued that using Nikah Halala as a means of remarriage violates some fundamental rights:

Article 14:

Equal Opportunity:

Women are put in a disadvantageous situation by the practise.
They are not accorded the same respect as men.

Article 21:

Right to Life:

A right to live a life in dignity is included in the right to life.
These actions are disrespectful to a woman’s dignity.

Regarding Muta:

‘Muta’ is a Sanskrit word that means enjoyment.
Muta Marriage is a union that lasts a specific amount of time and is solely for sexual gratification.
The notion of Muta Marriage is recognised under Shia Muslim law.

Requisites for muta marriage:

The parties must be at least 15 years old and have reached puberty.
The number of Muta spouses is unconstrained.
The parties’ free consent is required.
In the nikah nama, the time frame and Dower must be mentioned.
The parties’ cohabitation is authorized by law.
Such marriages result in lawful children who are entitled to both parents’ property inheritance.
There is no shared right of inheritance between the husband and wife.
Under personal law, a muta wife cannot make a claim for support, but she may do so under the Code of Criminal Procedure.

Muta Marriage does not recognize divorce.
End of the Muta Marriage.
the time period’s expiration.
Either party’s passing.
Hiba I Muddat, or husband presents, refers to the remaining time of the marriage.

Source – The Hindu

4 – Chandrayaan 3 on far side of the moon: GS III – Science and Technology related issues

Is there a “dark” side of the moon? What are its “near” and “far” sides like?

The 60% of the moon that is visible to us is referred to as the near side.
The moon rotates on its axis in the same amount of time as it takes to orbit the Earth, therefore the same side is always visible from Earth.
This does not, however, imply that the dark side of the moon is always present.
The other “far side” of the moon is flooded in sunshine and continues to receive light for about a week during the “new moon,” or when the moon is invisible to Earth.
The ‘black side’ is thus just gloomy in the sense that it was enigmatic and had a variety of topographical features that were hidden until the Soviet spacecraft Luna 3 took photographs of it in 1959.

What separates the two sides:

The near side is generally smoother and includes many more “maria,” or huge volcanic plains, than the far side, which is the main distinction between the two.
There are enormous craters on the opposite side that are millions of kilometres wide and were probably caused by asteroids colliding with the planet.
Due to the near side’s weaker crust, over the course of millions of years, the thinner side’s craters have been more extensively filled with volcanic lava.
The resulting plains are far more suitable for space missions because they offer a relatively flat surface for rovers and landers.
The landing of Chandrayaan-3 has significance.

A site with 150 m-wide gaps was found by Chandrayaan-3 to be suitable for a secure fall.
The only lander to have successfully landed on the far side is China’s Chang é-4.
Vikram was able to touch down the closest to the lunar South Pole ever thanks to the Chandrayaan-3 mission, despite being on the near side.
The absence of regular near-real-time updates upon landing on the other side would have resulted from a lack of direct, line-of-sight communication with the Earth.
You will require a relay in such a scenario—something that can communicate with the rover before transmitting to the Earth (and vice versa).

Source – The Hindu

5 – About India and Greece relations: GS II – International Relations

Key information:

The two nations will work together in the area of defence, and they will shortly finalise a deal on migrant mobility to facilitate the movement of both sides’ talented populations.
They will encourage inter-institutional cultural and academic exchanges and broaden interpersonal interactions.

Historic connections:

Up until the time of Alexander the Great, the term “India” for the Ancient Greeks solely referred to the upper Indus.
The Greeks later understood “India” to refer to the majority of the northern portion of the Indian subcontinent.
The Greeks called the Indians “Indói,” which is a translation of the phrase “the people of the Indus River.”
Greeks were known as Yonas or “Yavanas” by Indians.

Bilateral ties between Greece and India:

In 1950, Greece and India established diplomatic ties.
Greece has continuously backed India’s main international goals, and India agrees with Greece’s emphasis on advancing international law and regional security.

Financial Relations:

For 2022–2023, projections for Greece’s GDP growth range from 3.5% to 4.9%.
India’s 1.3 billion inhabitants allow it to spread its ever-expanding capabilities over a wider territory.
In order to promote trade and commerce, control of the maritime lanes linking India and Europe is also important for India’s economic security.

Defence ties:

In 1998, a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) on Defence Cooperation was signed between Greece and India.
In the context of combined Indo-Greek aviation drills, the deployment of Indian naval forces in the Mediterranean sends a strong symbolic and practical message of power projection across the Eurasian landmass.

Greece’s importance to India:

The expansion of ties with Greece is a component of India’s larger plan to diversify its regional alliances.
Greece is a nation enmeshed in the Western security network because it is a member of both the European Union (EU) and the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO).
Indian Ocean region to the Eastern Mediterranean, where Greece is located, are all areas where India has strategic interests to the west.
A Strategic Partnership Agreement between the two nations was formed in 2020, and as a result, there has been more collaboration in fields including energy, trade, and defence.
Greece officially joined the International Solar Alliance (ISA) to increase access to renewable energy and lessen reliance on fossil fuels.
The Mahatma Gandhi statue was unveiled in Athens in 2021.

Source – The Hindu