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26 September 2022

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DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS ANALYSIS

No. Topic Name Prelims/Mains
1.     United Nations Prelims & Mains
2.     Kaziranga National Park Prelims & Mains
3.     NATO Prelims & Mains
4.     Operation Megha Chakra Prelims & Mains

1 – United Nations: GS II – Topic International Relations

About:

  • An multinational organisation called the United Nations (UN) was established in 1945. There are currently 193 Member States in it.
  • Its many organs and specialised agencies carry out its mission and operate in accordance with the goals and tenets stated in its founding Charter.
  • Its duties include upholding international law, preserving world peace and security, and defending human rights while also providing humanitarian relief and advancing sustainable development.

What is the UN’s History?

  • The International Peace Conference was held in The Hague in 1899 to develop strategies for resolving conflicts amicably, averting war, and codifying war laws.
  • It established the Permanent Court of Arbitration, whose operations started in 1902, and adopted the Convention for the Pacific Settlement of International Disputes. The UN International Court of Justice had its antecedent in this court.
  • The League of Nations, which was founded in 1919 as part of the Treaty of Versailles “to promote international cooperation and to achieve peace and security,” was the institution that predated the United Nations. It was developed in the context of the First World War.
  • The Treaty of Versailles also established the International Labor Organization (ILO) in 1919 as a League affiliate organisation.
  • President Franklin D. Roosevelt of the United States came up with the moniker “United Nations.” 26 countries agreed to continue fighting with one another against the Axis Powers (the Rome-Berlin-Tokyo Axis) in 1942 by signing a declaration known as The Declaration by the United Nations, which forbade them from negotiating their own peace terms.
  • Representatives from 50 nations signed the United Nations Charter at a conference held in San Francisco, California, in the United States.
  • The founding document of the United Nations as an intergovernmental body is the UN Charter of 1945.

Source The Hindu

 2 – Kaziranga National Park: GS III – Topic Environmental Conservation

  • It is situated in the State of Assam and has a 42,996 Hectare area (ha). It is the largest unaltered and typical area in the floodplain of the Brahmaputra Valley.
  • It was established as a National Park in 1974.
  • Since 2007, it has been designated as a tiger reserve. With a core area of 430 sq. km, the tiger reserve has a total size of 1,030 sq. km.
  • International standing: In 1985, UNESCO designated it as a World Heritage Site.
  • BirdLife International recognises it as an Important Bird Area.
  • Found Important Species:
  • The majority of one-horned rhinos in the world reside there. The number of one-horned rhinos at Pobitora Wildlife Sanctuary is second only to Kaziranga National Park in terms of rhinos in Assam.
  • The “big four” species—the rhino, elephant, royal Bengal tiger, and Asiatic water buffalo—are the main targets of conservation efforts in Kaziranga.
  • 1,100 to 1,100 elephants and 2,413 rhinos were counted in the 2018 census.
  • The number of tigers in Kaziranga was estimated to be 103 in 2014, making it India’s third-highest tiger population behind Jim Corbett National Park (215 in Uttarakhand) and Bandipur National Park (120 in Karnataka).
  • Nine of the 14 species of primates found on the Indian subcontinent can be found in Kaziranga.
  • Highways and Rivers: The park’s vicinity is traversed by National Highway 37.
  • In addition to the Diphlu River that runs through the park, there are more than 250 seasonal water bodies.

Source The Hindu

 3 – NATO: GS II Topic – International Relations

About:

  • The North Atlantic Treaty (also known as the Washington Treaty), signed in April 1949 by the United States, Canada, and a number of Western European countries, established the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) as a military alliance to offer collective security against the Soviet Union.
  • Currently, there are 30 member states.
  • Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, the United Kingdom, and the United States made up the group’s original members.
  • Greece and Turkey (1952), West Germany (1955, renamed Germany in 1990), Spain (1982), the Czech Republic, Hungary, and Poland (1999), Bulgaria, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, Slovakia, and Slovenia (2004), Albania and Croatia (2009), Montenegro (2017), and North Macedonia (1999) joined the original signatories (2020).
  • Although it continued to be a member of NATO, France left its seat in the organization’s integrated military command in 1966. In 2009, it returned.
  • Finland and Sweden have recently expressed interest in joining NATO.
  • Headquarters: Belgium’s Brussels.
  • Belgium’s Mons is home to the Allied Command Operations headquarters.

What aims does NATO seek to achieve?

  • The fundamental and permanent goal of NATO is to protect each member state’s freedom and security via political and military action.
  • Political goals: NATO encourages the values of democracy and provides members with the opportunity to consult and work together on defence and security-related matters in order to solve disputes, foster trust, and, in the long run, prevent conflict.
  • Military Goals: NATO is dedicated to settling problems through peaceful means. It possesses the military might to conduct crisis-management operations if diplomatic efforts are unsuccessful.
  • These are carried out on their own or in collaboration with other nations and international organisations in accordance with a United Nations mandate or the collective defence provision of NATO’s founding treaty, Article 5 of the Washington Treaty.
  • Article 5 has only ever been used by NATO once, on September 12, 2001, in response to the 9/11 attacks on the US World Trade Center.

How is NATO organised?

  • Despite having an integrated military command structure, relatively few of NATO’s forces or resources are wholly owned by the alliance.
  • Until member nations agree to carry out NATO-related responsibilities, the majority of forces remain under total national command and control.
  • The Alliance’s decisions must be unanimous and consensual, and its members must uphold the fundamental principles that support the Alliance, including democracy, individual liberty, and the rule of law. All 30 allies have an equal voice in the Alliance.
  • Civil wars or internal coups in NATO members are not covered by the alliance’s protection.
  • NATO’s members provide its funding. Three-quarters of the budget for NATO is provided by the United States.

Source The Hindu

 4 – Operation Megha Chakra: Prelims Specific Topic

  • The “Megh Chakra” operation was carried out in response to suggestions made by Interpol’s Singapore special unit based on data provided by the New Zealand police.
  • The agency had started a similar operation in November of last year, code-named “Operation Carbon,” and searched suspects’ homes in 13 States and one Union Territory.
  • 76 locations were used for the prior operation. The individuals listed in the FIRs were charged with violating the relevant IPC and IT Act laws for allegedly being a member of the syndicates that uploaded, disseminated, sold, and viewed such information.
  • Later, the CBI made the decision to issue requests to numerous nations for information sharing and collection in accordance with the MLATs on people responsible for the scam.

Source The Hindu

 

 

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