25 October 2022

DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS ANALYSIS

1 – National Curriculum Framework: GS II – Social Issues

Context:

• The National Curriculum Framework for foundational age children offers a “organic” and “well-framed” framework for teaching children ages 3 to 8, but its implementation would be difficult without sufficient infrastructural support and teacher preparation.

About:

• The new National Curriculum Framework (NCF) aims to encourage and support excellent teaching and learning across the country by bringing the vision of the National Education Policy 2020 (NEP 2020) to life in our schools and classrooms.
• The National Curriculum Framework (NCF) is being developed by the National Council of Education Research and Training (NCERT) and the National Steering Committee (NSC), with assistance from the Mandate Group and direction from Dr. K. Kasturirangan.

Implementation:

• Based on district-level consultations, results of mobile app surveys, and position papers produced by the State Focus Groups in the 25 areas/themes chosen as part of the National Education Policy-2020, all states and UTs will first build their State Curriculum Frameworks (SCFs).
• The States/UTs, Autonomous Organizations, and organisations working for the Ministry of Education will provide input to the NCFs.
• To get feedback on the issues related to the implementation of the curriculum from various stakeholders, NCERT will conduct a survey on the MyGov Portal.

Significance:

• Given its emphasis on skill development, the crucial role of teachers, mother-tongue learning, cultural rootedness, and holistic child development, the mandate document Guidelines for the Development of the NCF under New Education Policy 2020 can be seen as a step toward the decolonization of the Indian educational system.
• The curriculum reform based on the new NCF has a deadline of February 28, 2023, as specified by the Mandate Group.
• Industrialization, imperialism, and colonialism all had an impact on the world; as a result, India was a colony of the British Empire for two centuries.

Source The Hindu

2 – PMAY: GS II – Government Schemes:

Context:

• More than half of the homes authorised under the Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana – Urban (PMAY-U) housing scheme of the BJP-led government have already been delivered, according to Union Minister of Housing & Urban Affairs Hardeep Singh Puri. The construction of the other homes is at varying stages.

About:

• The Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (PMAY), a government programme supported by the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs, is part of Housing for All by 2022. (MoHUA).
• It helps the urban poor afford them by providing a discount on the interest rate of a housing loan during EMI payments (Equated Monthly Installments).

Beneficiaries:

• For individuals in the EWS/LIG and MIG groups, especially those who reside in slums, the Mission is focused on the lack of urban housing.
• a region with lower economic prosperity: The maximum yearly income for a family is Rs. 3,00,00.
• The yearly family income limits for Low Income Groups (LIG) and Middle Income Groups (MIG I & II) are Rs. 6,00,000 and Rs. 18,00,000, respectively.
• A beneficiary family consists of the husband, wife, and any daughters or sons who are not married.

Source The Hindu

3 – NSCN IM: GS III – Internal Security:

Context:

• The National Socialist Council of Nagaland-Isak Muivah (NSCN-IM), which has resumed talks with the Indian government, and the working committee of the Naga National Political Groups (NNPGs), an umbrella organisation of seven insurgent groups from Nagaland, met last week in an effort to mediate a peace agreement.

What year was the NSCN established?

• Since the Shillong Accord did not address the issue of Naga sovereignty and required them to adopt the Constitution, many NNC top officials and those working out of Burma rejected it.
• Three NNC leaders founded the National Socialist Council of Nagaland (NSCN) in 1981 to carry on the armed movement. They belonged to the Thuingaleng Muivah Tangkhul Naga clan from Manipur’s Ukhrul district.
• Isak Chishi Swu and S. S. Khaplang are respectively from the Sema and Hemis tribes.
• According to the NSCN’s mission statement, a People’s Republic of Nagaland free from Indian authority would be founded on Christian principles and use socialism to advance economic development.
• With just 150 founding members, the NSCN swiftly grew to 3,000 members, the majority of whom belonged to the Konyak and Tangkhul Naga tribes.
• Due to protracted internal turmoil, substantial interethnic conflict, and disputes regarding the movement’s main goal, the NSCN split into two organisations in 1988.
• The NSCN-IM and NSCN-K were led by Isak Chishi Swu, Thuingaleng Muivah, and S S Khaplang, respectively.
• The NNC was dissolved after Mr. Phizo’s death in 1990, and the NSCN-IM became known as the most powerful rebel group. It also aided the emergence of minor factions in other states.

What expressions are connected to the NSCN-main IM?

• Greater Nagalim would be the final region in the Northeast with Naga population of 1.2 million if they all lived there (a sovereign state). Additionally covered are Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur, Assam, and parts of Myanmar.
• The Naga Yezabo is the national flag of the Naga people (Constitution).

Has a peace deal ever been signed between the government and the Naga factions?

• The Indian government convinced the NSCN-IM to commit to a ceasefire in 1997 in order to start negotiations for the signing of a peace deal for the Naga area.
• Finally, in 1998, the NSCN-K agreed to a two-month cease-fire; this agreement was subsequently often extended throughout the years. The Center initially sent an invitation to the NSCN-K to participate in any negotiations or cease-fire agreements, but they declined.
• Following its 2015 violation of the ceasefire agreement, the NSCN-K agreed to an extension.
• Since the NSCN-IM cease-fire in 1997, there have been over a hundred rounds of talks between the Center and the rebel group, but no agreement has been achieved.
• The NSCN-IM and the Naga National Political Groups (NNPGs), which are made up of the NSCN and at least seven other extremist organisations, have started peace negotiations with New Delhi (K).

Source The Hindu

4 – Low Earth Orbit: GS III – Science and Technology

Context:

• Early on Sunday, India’s largest rocket successfully orbited 36 broadband satellites for a UK-based client after completing a challenging mission that included several firsts. The accomplishment of this mission strengthens ISRO’s standing as a significant player in the commercial satellite sector.

About:

• As the name implies, a low Earth orbit (LEO) is an orbit that is quite close to the Earth’s surface. It is often less than 1000 km above Earth, even though it can be as low as 160 km, which is low compared to other orbits but still extremely high over the surface of the planet.
• Even the lowest LEO is more than ten times higher than that because the majority of commercial aircraft do not fly at heights much higher than 14 km.
• LEO satellites are not always needed to orbit the Earth in the same way as GEO satellites, which must always orbit near the equator. This is because angled LEO satellite planes are a possibility. As a result, LEO provides more options for satellite paths, which is one of the reasons it is a popular orbit.
• LEO has many advantages because of how close it is to Earth. It is the orbit that satellites utilise for photography the most frequently since it is closer to the surface and can snap photographs with a higher resolution. The International Space Station (ISS), which is likewise in this orbit, can be reached and left by humans more quickly and conveniently. Since satellites in this orbit move at a speed of approximately 7.8 km/s and can complete one orbit of the Earth in as little as 90 minutes, the ISS completes 16 orbits of the planet per day. Due to their quick sky movement and difficulties for ground stations to detect them, individual LEO satellites are less helpful for operations like telecommunications.

Source The Indian Express